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Banten then became part of the province of West Java, and separatist efforts led to the creation of the province of Banten in 2000.

The region was returned to Dutch control for the next five years before the Dutch left and it was ruled by the Indonesian government. In March 1942, the Japanese invaded the Indies and occupied the region for three years before their August 1945 surrender. This began the Bantam Residency, 150 years of direct Dutch rule. On 22 November 1808, Dutch Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels declared that the Sultanate of Banten had been absorbed into the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) finally controlled the regional economy, gradually weakening the Banten Sultanate. European traders began arriving in the region – first the Portuguese, followed by the British and the Dutch. The spread of Islam in the region began in the 15th century by the late 16th century, Islam had replaced Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion in the province, with the establishment of the Banten Sultanate.

After the fall of Tarumanegara, it was controlled by Hindu- Buddhist kingdoms such as the Srivijaya Empire and the Sunda Kingdom. Present-day Banten was part of the Sundanese Tarumanagara kingdom from the fourth to the seventh centuries AD. The northern half (particularly the areas near Jakarta and the Java Sea coast) has recently experienced rapid rises in population and urbanization, and the southern half (especially the region facing the Indian Ocean) has a more traditional character. The region is the homeland of the Bantenese people, whose culture differs slightly from that of West Java's Sundanese people. Formerly part of the province of West Java, Banten was declared a separate province in 2000. The estimated mid-2021 population was 12.06 million. It had a population of over 11.9 million in the 2020 census, up from about 10.6 million in 2010. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Java Sea on the north, the Indian Ocean on the south, and the Sunda Strait (which separates Java from the neighbouring island of Sumatra) on the west. Banten ( Indonesian: Banten Sundanese: ᮘᮔ᮪ᮒᮨᮔ᮪, romanized Banten) is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia.